Shaping is a form of operant conditioning that uses reinforcers
to guide behavior towards the desired behavior. Operant conditioning involves learning
behaviors through reinforcements. For example, in the clip below shows the science
of rat basketball. The trainer shapes the rat’s behavior by reinforcing their positive
responses and not rewarding their negative ones. To get a rat to put the ball into
the basketball hoop they must go through 3 to 4 months of shaping. First, when
the rat learns to touch the ball, the trainer hits the buzzer when they are
successful and then gives them a treat. The next step is for the rat to pick up
the ball with their teeth and carry it up and down the court. If the rats get
it right, they hear the buzzer and receive a treat. In another phase of the shaping
process, a platform is added so that the rat can learn how to get the ball into
the hoop. Within 3 to 4 months, the rat is trained to compete with another rat
in a basketball tournament. It is easy to get the rats to play basketball, but
it is harder for them to cooperate.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drnnulHw5CM
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